非谓语动词
动词不定式 to + V.一般用来表示目的或结果或者某个具体的动作。
动名词 V-ing一般用来表示动作的主动概念和进行意义。
过去分词 V-ed一般用来表示动作的被动概念和完成意义。
考点一：直接接动词不定式做宾语的动词
这一类动词往往表示请求、要求、选择、决定、打算、企图
afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, hate, help, hesitate, hinder, intend, learn, manage, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, refuse, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, want
He pledged never to come back until he had made great success.
I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes.
考点二：在下列情况下常用不带 (或省略) to的动词不定式：
1. 感官动词后面：feel, listen, hear, look at, notice, see, watch, observe, perceive
I saw a man enter the shop.
2. 表示使役意义的动词，如：have, let, make
The teacher has us write a composition every week.
3. 一些情态动词后面：had better, would rather…than…，would sooner…than…，rather than, may well do (还是…的好)，may as well do，can not but (不得不)…，can not help but…
Rather than wait anyone, I decided to go home by taxi.
We might as well put up here for tonight.
4. 在do (did, does, done) nothing (anything, everything )but (except) do句型中
I can do nothing but follow your advice.
如果but或except之前没有do，其后的to不能省略。There is no choice but to wait and see.
5. 由all, what 引导的主语从句或者主语被only, first, one, least 或形容词最高级修饰时，而且从句中含有do时，其表语如果是动词不定式，则往往省去to。
What I have to do is take a rest.
The only thing I could do was do it myself.
6. 由并列连词and, except, but, than, or连接两个以上的具有相同意义或功能的不定式时，第二个动词不定式不带to。
I’d like to stay with you, help you and learn from you.
She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back.
注意：如果两个不定式表示对照或对比，则不能省略to。
He hasn’t decided weather to quit or to stay.
考点三：有些动词后一般跟带“疑问词 + 动词不定式”作宾语，如：consider, discover, discuss, explain, guess, know, inquire, observe, show, teach, understand, wonder。
I wonder who to invite. / Ask my brother where to put the car.
动名词
考点一：直接接动名词做宾语的动词和词组：admit, avoid, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, consider, delay, deny, dislike, dread, encourage, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, feel like, finish, forbid, forgive, imagine, involve, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practise, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, resent, resist, risk, stop, give up, can’t help, can’t stand, suggest
Forbid smoking on trains.
We have to postpone sending our answer to the request.
注意：上述动词中 allow, advise, forbid, permit, recommend 在有人作宾语时，则后接不定式作宾语补足语。如：allow sb. to do sth.
I recommended going by subway.
The doctor recommended me to take a few days’ rest.
考点二：下列短语中to为介词，后面只能接动名词或名词。
keep to (遵循), apply to, indifference to, look forward to, with an eye to (着眼于, 考虑到), commit…to, stand up to (勇敢面对), with regard to (关于), owe…to (把...归功于), turn to (转向, 求助于, 致力于), be superior to (优越于), be opposed to, succeed to (继承), attribute…to, be sensitive to, in relation to, admit to (承认, 让...进入), dedicate …to (致力，奉献), be devoted to (致力于...), be committed to, thanks to (由于, 多亏), object to (反对)
No woman could succeed to the throne.
I am looking forward to seeing you again.
考点三：在demand, deserve, need, require, want, worth等词后面接动名词表示被动的意思，即用主动形式表示被动意义。
My socks want mending / to be mended.
考点四：在下列it作形式主语或形式宾语的句型中，用动名词作逻辑主语或逻辑宾语。
It is no use (no good, no point, no sense, a waste of time)+ doing sth.
It is good (nice, interesting, useless) + doing sth.;
There is no point (use, sense, good) + doing sth.
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
It’s simply a waste of time and money seeing that movie.
I find it no good advising him to go with us.
考点五：在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, pleasure, a difficult time) (in) doing sth.” 结构中， 后接动名词：
The teachers have had some problems deciding when they should return the final papers to the students.
注意：take the trouble to do sth. , have no time to do sth.中后接不定式。
I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus.
考点六：下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词，但表示的意义不同。不定式一般表示事情尚未发生；而动名词则表示事情已经发生于这些动词之前：
remember to do sth. / remember doing sth.
Please remember to take the medicine.
I remember taking the medicine.
forget to do sth. / forget doing sth.
stop to do sth. / stop doing sth.
go on to do sth. / go on doing sth.
The president welcomed the new students and then went on to explain the college regulations.
Peter went on sleeping despite the noise outside.
try to do sth. / try doing sth.
mean to do sth. / mean doing sth.
regret to do sth. / regret doing sth.
考点七：分词短语的固定表达方式，通常作句子状语，一般不受句子主语的限制。如：
according to…(根据), judging from…(从……判断), talking of …(谈到), owing to …(由于), taking everything into consideration…(全盘考虑), allowing for…(考虑到…), leaving … on one side …(抛开……不谈), generally speaking (总的说来), frankly speaking (坦率地说), roughly speaking (粗略地说), honestly speaking (老实说), strictly speaking (严格地说), theoretically speaking (从理论上说)
独立主格结构
Having good weather tomorrow, we’ll start our trip.
Weather permitting, we’ll be going fishing tomorrow.
All the money having been spent, we started looking for work.
With her hair beautifully done，the customer left the hair-dresser’s happily.
With night coming on, they went home.
He left home, without a single word said.
There being nothing to do, we played games. (环球网校资料,如需转载请注明出处)
